Focusing on coordinated grid integration mechanisms for electric vehicles (EVs) within electricity and carbon markets under the dual carbon goals, the work led by Professor Jian Linni systematically outlines a holistic framework coupling power flow, carbon emissions, and capital flow. As electric vehicles evolve from "transportation energy consumption terminals" to system resources with both flexible load and distributed energy storage attributes, they can charge and discharge across different time periods and provide ancillary services such as frequency regulation and reserve through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction and aggregation control, thereby enhancing power system flexibility and renewable energy accommodation capacity.

Addressing the limitation that electricity and carbon market mechanisms have often been studied separately in prior research, this paper establishes a panoramic framework for electric vehicles to participate in both markets simultaneously, integrating the power flow, carbon emission accounting, and transaction settlement systems from the generation side to the user side. Centering on key issues including EV market access pathways, pricing and bidding, clearing and settlement mechanisms, and carbon revenue, the study is developed along two core lines: technical operation and market design. On one hand, it analyzes the impacts of large-scale EV integration on load profiles, distribution network capacity, and power quality; on the other hand, it explores centralized and decentralized coordinated control architectures, and sorts out the participation modes and processes of electric vehicles in electricity markets (collaboration between wholesale and retail markets) and carbon markets (allowance and voluntary markets).

From a methodological perspective, the paper further summarizes the mainstream modeling approaches for EV market decision-making, including forecasting-based, stochastic/robust optimization, game theory, and artificial intelligence-driven strategies, and concludes the commonly used modeling paradigms for market clearing such as optimization, game theory, and matching. Meanwhile, the study identifies multi-dimensional ongoing challenges, including battery degradation, investment costs, data privacy, market-policy coordination, and user acceptance. Future efforts are required to strengthen the design of cross-market coupling mechanisms, clarify interpretable carbon accounting rules, and promote implementable business models and regulatory frameworks.

This paper has been selected as a 2025 ESI Highly Cited Paper (top 1% globally in the discipline) and has further been recognized as an ESI Hot Paper (top 0.1% globally in the discipline) in the past two months.

Source：Lei, X., Zhong, J. H., Chen, Y. W., Shao, Z. Y., & Jian, L. N. (2025). Grid integration of electric vehicles within electricity and carbon markets: A comprehensive overview. eTransportation, 25, 100435.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2025.100174